{"id":13533,"date":"2022-04-26T07:31:41","date_gmt":"2022-04-26T07:31:41","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/mousefreemarion.org\/presentation-des-albatros-et-des-petrels-de-lile-marion-affectes-par-les-souris-et-de-leurs-photographes-le-petrel-a-menton-blanc-par-peter-ryan\/"},"modified":"2022-04-26T07:31:41","modified_gmt":"2022-04-26T07:31:41","slug":"presentation-des-albatros-et-des-petrels-de-lile-marion-affectes-par-les-souris-et-de-leurs-photographes-le-petrel-a-menton-blanc-par-peter-ryan","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/mousefreemarion.org\/fr\/presentation-des-albatros-et-des-petrels-de-lile-marion-affectes-par-les-souris-et-de-leurs-photographes-le-petrel-a-menton-blanc-par-peter-ryan\/","title":{"rendered":"Pr\u00e9sentation des albatros et des p\u00e9trels de l&rsquo;\u00eele Marion affect\u00e9s par les souris et de leurs photographes : le p\u00e9trel \u00e0 menton blanc par Peter Ryan"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>Photo ci-dessus : <em>Comme la plupart des p\u00e9trels nichant dans des terriers, les p\u00e9trels \u00e0 menton blanc sont en grande partie nocturnes dans leurs colonies. Cependant, leur grande taille leur donne un certain degr\u00e9 de bravade lorsqu&rsquo;il s&rsquo;agit de s&rsquo;occuper des skuas bruns, et ils s&rsquo;assoient occasionnellement \u00e0 l&rsquo;ext\u00e9rieur de l&rsquo;entr\u00e9e de leur terrier pendant la journ\u00e9e.<\/em><\/p>\n<p>Le p\u00e9trel \u00e0 menton blanc <em>Procellaria aequinoctialis<\/em> est le plus grand membre de la famille des p\u00e9trels apr\u00e8s les deux p\u00e9trels g\u00e9ants <em>Macronectes <\/em>spp. Elle se reproduit dans les \u00eeles subantarctiques, avec trois populations r\u00e9gionales : la sous-esp\u00e8ce nominale se reproduit en G\u00e9orgie du Sud et localement sur les Malouines dans le sud-ouest de l&rsquo;oc\u00e9an Atlantique, et dans les \u00eeles du Prince-\u00c9douard, Crozet et Kerguelen dans le sud-ouest de l&rsquo;oc\u00e9an Indien, tandis que la sous-esp\u00e8ce nominale se reproduit dans le sud de l&rsquo;oc\u00e9an Indien.  <em>P. a. steadi<\/em>  se reproduit sur les \u00eeles au sud de la Nouvelle-Z\u00e9lande.<\/p>\n<div id=\"attachment_8481\" style=\"width: 810px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><img decoding=\"async\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-8481\" class=\"wp-image-8481 size-fusion-800\" src=\"https:\/\/mousefreemarion.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/04\/PeterRyan-Photo-800x748.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"800\" height=\"748\" srcset=\"https:\/\/mousefreemarion.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/04\/PeterRyan-Photo-200x187.jpg 200w, https:\/\/mousefreemarion.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/04\/PeterRyan-Photo-300x280.jpg 300w, https:\/\/mousefreemarion.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/04\/PeterRyan-Photo-400x374.jpg 400w, https:\/\/mousefreemarion.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/04\/PeterRyan-Photo-500x467.jpg 500w, https:\/\/mousefreemarion.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/04\/PeterRyan-Photo-600x561.jpg 600w, https:\/\/mousefreemarion.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/04\/PeterRyan-Photo-700x654.jpg 700w, https:\/\/mousefreemarion.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/04\/PeterRyan-Photo-768x718.jpg 768w, https:\/\/mousefreemarion.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/04\/PeterRyan-Photo-800x748.jpg 800w, https:\/\/mousefreemarion.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/04\/PeterRyan-Photo-1024x957.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/mousefreemarion.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/04\/PeterRyan-Photo-1200x1121.jpg 1200w, https:\/\/mousefreemarion.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/04\/PeterRyan-Photo.jpg 1204w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\" \/><p id=\"caption-attachment-8481\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">Peter Ryan recherche des oiseaux de mer, notamment des p\u00e9trels \u00e0 menton blanc, lors d&rsquo;un voyage dans l&rsquo;oc\u00e9an Austral.<\/p><\/div>\n<p>Le p\u00e9trel \u00e0 menton blanc est l&rsquo;oiseau marin le plus souvent captur\u00e9 par les palangres dans l&rsquo;oc\u00e9an Austral. Depuis que j&rsquo;ai commenc\u00e9 \u00e0 v\u00e9rifier l&rsquo;\u00e2ge et le sexe des oiseaux de mer accroch\u00e9s \u00e0 des hame\u00e7ons et ramen\u00e9s dans les ports sud-africains par les observateurs des p\u00eaches, j&rsquo;ai examin\u00e9 pr\u00e8s de 4000 P\u00e9trels \u00e0 menton blanc. Ce sont des plongeurs comp\u00e9tents, atteignant parfois des profondeurs de 16 m, ce qui leur permet de r\u00e9cup\u00e9rer des hame\u00e7ons app\u00e2t\u00e9s \u00e0 une certaine distance derri\u00e8re les navires. En effet, on pense qu&rsquo;ils facilitent la prise accessoire d&rsquo;albatros en ramenant les hame\u00e7ons \u00e0 la surface, pour \u00eatre ensuite d\u00e9plac\u00e9s par des albatros plus grands.<\/p>\n<div id=\"attachment_8487\" style=\"width: 611px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><img decoding=\"async\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-8487\" class=\"wp-image-8487 size-full\" src=\"https:\/\/mousefreemarion.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/04\/burrow.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"601\" height=\"449\" srcset=\"https:\/\/mousefreemarion.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/04\/burrow-200x149.jpg 200w, https:\/\/mousefreemarion.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/04\/burrow-300x224.jpg 300w, https:\/\/mousefreemarion.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/04\/burrow-400x299.jpg 400w, https:\/\/mousefreemarion.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/04\/burrow-500x374.jpg 500w, https:\/\/mousefreemarion.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/04\/burrow.jpg 601w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 601px) 100vw, 601px\" \/><p id=\"caption-attachment-8487\" class=\"wp-caption-text\"><em>Le p\u00e9trel \u00e0 menton blanc est le plus grand p\u00e9trel nichant dans un terrier, et ses terriers ont tendance \u00e0 \u00eatre assez \u00e9vidents ; la plupart ont un foss\u00e9 d&rsquo;entr\u00e9e.<\/em><\/p><\/div>\n<div id=\"attachment_8485\" style=\"width: 810px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><img decoding=\"async\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-8485\" class=\"wp-image-8485 size-fusion-800\" src=\"https:\/\/mousefreemarion.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/04\/WCP-map-from-Ryan2012-800x576.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"800\" height=\"576\" srcset=\"https:\/\/mousefreemarion.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/04\/WCP-map-from-Ryan2012-200x144.png 200w, https:\/\/mousefreemarion.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/04\/WCP-map-from-Ryan2012-300x216.png 300w, https:\/\/mousefreemarion.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/04\/WCP-map-from-Ryan2012-400x288.png 400w, https:\/\/mousefreemarion.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/04\/WCP-map-from-Ryan2012-500x360.png 500w, https:\/\/mousefreemarion.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/04\/WCP-map-from-Ryan2012-600x432.png 600w, https:\/\/mousefreemarion.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/04\/WCP-map-from-Ryan2012-700x504.png 700w, https:\/\/mousefreemarion.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/04\/WCP-map-from-Ryan2012-768x553.png 768w, https:\/\/mousefreemarion.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/04\/WCP-map-from-Ryan2012-800x576.png 800w, https:\/\/mousefreemarion.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/04\/WCP-map-from-Ryan2012-1024x737.png 1024w, https:\/\/mousefreemarion.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/04\/WCP-map-from-Ryan2012.png 1046w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\" \/><p id=\"caption-attachment-8485\" class=\"wp-caption-text\"><em>Les grands nids \u00e0 terrier distinctifs des p\u00e9trels \u00e0 menton blanc permettent de tenter une \u00e9tude compl\u00e8te de leur distribution de reproduction sur l&rsquo;\u00eele Marion. La plupart des colonies sont proches de la c\u00f4te, mais on trouve des nids jusqu&rsquo;\u00e0 420 m au-dessus du niveau de la mer en dessous du Spitskop (carte de Ryan et al. 2012). Ils pr\u00e9f\u00e8rent les sites bien drain\u00e9s avec des sols profonds pour creuser, \u00e9vitant les coul\u00e9es de lave noire plus r\u00e9centes.<\/em><\/p><\/div>\n<p>Compte tenu des pr\u00e9occupations concernant l&rsquo;\u00e9tat de leur population &#8211; l&rsquo;esp\u00e8ce est class\u00e9e comme vuln\u00e9rable au niveau mondial &#8211; il s&rsquo;agissait du premier p\u00e9trel fouisseur pour lequel nous avons tent\u00e9 d&rsquo;estimer la population reproductrice aux \u00eeles du Prince-\u00c9douard. Genevieve Jones, Ben Dilley et moi-m\u00eame avons effectu\u00e9 un relev\u00e9 syst\u00e9matique de tous les terriers en avril 2009, et Ben a effectu\u00e9 des contr\u00f4les d&rsquo;occupation pendant la saison de reproduction suivante. Cela indique une population totale de quelque 30 000 couples sur l&rsquo;\u00eele Marion et d&rsquo;au moins 10 000 autres couples sur l&rsquo;\u00eele du Prince-\u00c9douard. Des transects al\u00e9atoires ult\u00e9rieurs r\u00e9alis\u00e9s autour de l&rsquo;\u00eele Marion en 2015 par Ben, Stefan Schoombie, Alexis Osborne et moi-m\u00eame ont indiqu\u00e9 que cette estimation initiale \u00e9tait trop faible, avec une extrapolation de 40 000 couples se reproduisant sur l&rsquo;\u00eele. Cela fait des \u00eeles du Prince-\u00c9douard le troisi\u00e8me site de reproduction le plus important pour la sous-esp\u00e8ce d\u00e9sign\u00e9e, apr\u00e8s la G\u00e9orgie du Sud et Kerguelen.<\/p>\n<div id=\"attachment_8484\" style=\"width: 810px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><img decoding=\"async\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-8484\" class=\"wp-image-8484 size-fusion-800\" src=\"https:\/\/mousefreemarion.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/04\/WCP-fledgling-Marion-Peter-Ryan-800x538.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"800\" height=\"538\" srcset=\"https:\/\/mousefreemarion.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/04\/WCP-fledgling-Marion-Peter-Ryan-200x135.jpg 200w, https:\/\/mousefreemarion.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/04\/WCP-fledgling-Marion-Peter-Ryan-300x202.jpg 300w, https:\/\/mousefreemarion.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/04\/WCP-fledgling-Marion-Peter-Ryan-400x269.jpg 400w, https:\/\/mousefreemarion.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/04\/WCP-fledgling-Marion-Peter-Ryan-500x336.jpg 500w, https:\/\/mousefreemarion.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/04\/WCP-fledgling-Marion-Peter-Ryan-600x404.jpg 600w, https:\/\/mousefreemarion.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/04\/WCP-fledgling-Marion-Peter-Ryan-700x471.jpg 700w, https:\/\/mousefreemarion.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/04\/WCP-fledgling-Marion-Peter-Ryan-768x517.jpg 768w, https:\/\/mousefreemarion.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/04\/WCP-fledgling-Marion-Peter-Ryan-800x538.jpg 800w, https:\/\/mousefreemarion.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/04\/WCP-fledgling-Marion-Peter-Ryan-1024x689.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/mousefreemarion.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/04\/WCP-fledgling-Marion-Peter-Ryan-1200x807.jpg 1200w, https:\/\/mousefreemarion.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/04\/WCP-fledgling-Marion-Peter-Ryan-1536x1033.jpg 1536w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\" \/><p id=\"caption-attachment-8484\" class=\"wp-caption-text\"><em>En mars et avril sur l&rsquo;\u00eele Marion, les poussins de p\u00e9trels \u00e0 menton blanc exercent leurs ailes \u00e0 l&rsquo;ext\u00e9rieur de leur terrier pendant la nuit pour se pr\u00e9parer \u00e0 l&rsquo;envol. Quelques-uns ne parviennent pas \u00e0 regagner la s\u00e9curit\u00e9 de leur terrier avant le lever du jour et sont g\u00e9n\u00e9ralement la proie des labbes bruns.<\/em><\/p><\/div>\n<p>Malgr\u00e9 leur mortalit\u00e9 fr\u00e9quente sur les palangres, les effectifs du p\u00e9trel \u00e0 menton blanc ont montr\u00e9 la plus grande r\u00e9cup\u00e9ration parmi les p\u00e9trels nichant dans des terriers sur l&rsquo;\u00eele Marion apr\u00e8s l&rsquo;\u00e9radication des chats en 1991. Leur succ\u00e8s de reproduction est g\u00e9n\u00e9ralement assez \u00e9lev\u00e9 (en moyenne 59% des tentatives donnent naissance \u00e0 un poussin), ce qui sugg\u00e8re que leurs poussins sont rarement attaqu\u00e9s par les souris domestiques introduites. \u00c0 cet \u00e9gard, ils sont probablement aid\u00e9s par leur grande taille et par le fait qu&rsquo;ils se reproduisent en \u00e9t\u00e9, lorsque les souris disposent d&rsquo;un plus grand \u00e9ventail d&rsquo;autres options alimentaires qu&rsquo;en hiver. \u00c9tonnamment, les grands poussins peuvent parfois \u00eatre tu\u00e9s par les p\u00e9trels gris s&rsquo;ils trouvent un poussin de p\u00e9trel \u00e0 menton blanc dans leur terrier lorsqu&rsquo;ils reviennent se reproduire en automne.<\/p>\n<div id=\"attachment_8482\" style=\"width: 810px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><img decoding=\"async\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-8482\" class=\"wp-image-8482 size-fusion-800\" src=\"https:\/\/mousefreemarion.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/04\/WCP-at-sea-Peter-Ryan-800x580.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"800\" height=\"580\" srcset=\"https:\/\/mousefreemarion.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/04\/WCP-at-sea-Peter-Ryan-200x145.jpg 200w, https:\/\/mousefreemarion.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/04\/WCP-at-sea-Peter-Ryan-300x217.jpg 300w, https:\/\/mousefreemarion.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/04\/WCP-at-sea-Peter-Ryan-400x290.jpg 400w, https:\/\/mousefreemarion.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/04\/WCP-at-sea-Peter-Ryan-500x362.jpg 500w, https:\/\/mousefreemarion.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/04\/WCP-at-sea-Peter-Ryan-600x435.jpg 600w, https:\/\/mousefreemarion.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/04\/WCP-at-sea-Peter-Ryan-700x507.jpg 700w, https:\/\/mousefreemarion.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/04\/WCP-at-sea-Peter-Ryan-768x557.jpg 768w, https:\/\/mousefreemarion.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/04\/WCP-at-sea-Peter-Ryan-800x580.jpg 800w, https:\/\/mousefreemarion.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/04\/WCP-at-sea-Peter-Ryan-1024x742.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/mousefreemarion.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/04\/WCP-at-sea-Peter-Ryan-1200x870.jpg 1200w, https:\/\/mousefreemarion.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/04\/WCP-at-sea-Peter-Ryan-1536x1113.jpg 1536w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\" \/><p id=\"caption-attachment-8482\" class=\"wp-caption-text\"><em>Un p\u00e9trel \u00e0 menton blanc glisse pr\u00e8s du photographe dans l&rsquo;oc\u00e9an Austral.<\/em><\/p><\/div>\n<div id=\"attachment_8483\" style=\"width: 810px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><img decoding=\"async\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-8483\" class=\"wp-image-8483 size-fusion-800\" src=\"https:\/\/mousefreemarion.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/04\/WCP-calling-at-sea-Peter-Ryan-800x548.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"800\" height=\"548\" srcset=\"https:\/\/mousefreemarion.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/04\/WCP-calling-at-sea-Peter-Ryan-200x137.jpg 200w, https:\/\/mousefreemarion.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/04\/WCP-calling-at-sea-Peter-Ryan-300x206.jpg 300w, https:\/\/mousefreemarion.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/04\/WCP-calling-at-sea-Peter-Ryan-400x274.jpg 400w, https:\/\/mousefreemarion.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/04\/WCP-calling-at-sea-Peter-Ryan-500x343.jpg 500w, https:\/\/mousefreemarion.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/04\/WCP-calling-at-sea-Peter-Ryan-600x411.jpg 600w, https:\/\/mousefreemarion.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/04\/WCP-calling-at-sea-Peter-Ryan-700x480.jpg 700w, https:\/\/mousefreemarion.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/04\/WCP-calling-at-sea-Peter-Ryan-768x526.jpg 768w, https:\/\/mousefreemarion.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/04\/WCP-calling-at-sea-Peter-Ryan-800x548.jpg 800w, https:\/\/mousefreemarion.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/04\/WCP-calling-at-sea-Peter-Ryan-1024x702.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/mousefreemarion.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/04\/WCP-calling-at-sea-Peter-Ryan-1200x822.jpg 1200w, https:\/\/mousefreemarion.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/04\/WCP-calling-at-sea-Peter-Ryan-1536x1052.jpg 1536w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\" \/><p id=\"caption-attachment-8483\" class=\"wp-caption-text\"><em>En mer, le p\u00e9trel \u00e0 menton blanc est l&rsquo;un des p\u00e9trels les plus bruyants, \u00e9mettant souvent son cri caract\u00e9ristique pendant les querelles de nourriture.<\/em><\/p><\/div>\n<p><strong>R\u00e9f\u00e9rences :<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Dilley, B.J., Davies, D., Schoombie, S., Schoombie, J. &amp; Ryan, P.G. 2019. Guerres de terriers et comportement sinistre chez les p\u00e9trels nichant dans des terriers sur l&rsquo;\u00eele Marion subantarctique. <strong><br \/>\n  <a href=\"https:\/\/bioone.org\/journals\/Ardea\/volume-107\/issue-1\/arde.v107i1.a5\/Burrow-Wars-and-Sinister-Behaviour-among-Burrow-Nesting-Petrels-at\/10.5253\/arde.v107i1.a5.short\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><em>Ardea<\/em> 107 : 97-102<\/a><br \/>\n<\/strong>.<\/p>\n<p>Dilley, B.J., Hedding, D.W., Henry, D.A.W., Rexer-Huber, K, Parker, G.C., Schoombie, S., Osborne, A. &amp; Ryan, P.G. 2019. Clustered or dispersed : testing the effect of sampling strategy to census burrow-nesting petrels with varied distributions at sub-Antarctic Marion Island. <strong><br \/>\n  <a href=\"https:\/\/www.cambridge.org\/core\/journals\/antarctic-science\/article\/abs\/clustered-or-dispersed-testing-the-effect-of-sampling-strategy-to-census-burrownesting-petrels-with-varied-distributions-at-subantarctic-marion-island\/A4F932E9B3866E60D9A0C82D9AD6EBD6\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><em>Antarctic Science<\/em> 31 : 231-242<\/a><br \/>\n<\/strong>.<\/p>\n<p>Dilley, B.J., Schoombie, S., Stevens, K., Davies, D., Perold, V., Osborne, A., Schoombie, J., Brink, C.W., Carpenter-Kling, T. &amp; Ryan, P.G. 2018. La pr\u00e9dation par les souris affecte le succ\u00e8s de la reproduction des p\u00e9trels nichant dans des terriers sur l&rsquo;\u00eele subantarctique de Marion. <strong><br \/>\n  <a href=\"https:\/\/www.cambridge.org\/core\/journals\/antarctic-science\/article\/abs\/mouse-predation-affects-breeding-success-of-burrownesting-petrels-at-subantarctic-marion-island\/738188E74C0785B51AAA6438FD9F3FB0\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><em>Antarctic Science<\/em> 30 : 93-104<\/a><br \/>\n<\/strong>.<\/p>\n<p>Dilley, B.J., Schramm, M. et Ryan, P.G. 2016. Augmentation modeste des densit\u00e9s de p\u00e9trels nichant dans des terriers apr\u00e8s l&rsquo;\u00e9limination des chats<em>(Felis catus<\/em>) de l&rsquo;\u00eele Marion. <strong><br \/>\n  <a href=\"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s00300-016-1985-z\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><em>Biologie polaire<\/em> 40 : 625-637<\/a><br \/>\n<\/strong>.<\/p>\n<p>Rollinson, D.P., Dilley, B.J. et Ryan, P.G. 2014. Le comportement de plong\u00e9e des p\u00e9trels \u00e0 menton blanc et sa pertinence pour att\u00e9nuer les prises accessoires par les palangriers. <strong><br \/>\n  <a href=\"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s00300-014-1521-y\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><em>Polar Biology<\/em> 37 : 1301-1308.<\/a><br \/>\n<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Ryan, P.G. 2001. Leucisme partiel chez le p\u00e9trel \u00e0 \u00e9chine blanche. <em>Num\u00e9ros d&rsquo;oiseaux<\/em> 10(2) : 6-7.<\/p>\n<p>Ryan, P.G., Dilley, B.J. &amp; Jones, M.G.W. 2012. La distribution et l&rsquo;abondance des p\u00e9trels \u00e0 menton blanc<em>(Procellaria aequinoctialis<\/em>) se reproduisant aux \u00eeles subantarctiques du Prince Edward. <strong><br \/>\n  <a href=\"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s00300-012-1227-y\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><em>Biologie polaire <\/em>35 : 1851-1859<\/a><br \/>\n<\/strong>.<\/p>\n<p><em>Peter Ryan, Institut FitzPatrick d&rsquo;ornithologie africaine, Universit\u00e9 de Cape Town, 26 <\/em><em>avril 2022<\/em><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Photo ci-dessus : Comme la plupart des p\u00e9trels nichant dans  [&#8230;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":11099,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[55,71],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-13533","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-non-classifiee","category-photographie"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v27.2 - 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